Abstract

Objectives: This study seeks to examine the ongoing human rights violations against Scheduled Castes (SCs) in Tamil Nadu, despite the formal abolition of the caste system. It aims to identify the various forms of discrimination and violence faced by SCs, evaluate the effectiveness of existing legal frameworks, such as the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989, and assess the role of civil society in addressing these challenges. Methods: The research employs secondary data analysis to investigate human rights violations against Scheduled Castes (SCs). This methodology involves analysing data from government reports, academic studies, legal documents, and media sources, including newspapers, to evaluate the prevalence and impact of such violations. Content analysis was conducted to examine the portrayal and reporting of human rights issues in public discourse. The study also incorporates statistical analysis of reported incidents and case studies to identify patterns and outcomes. Results: The findings reveal that SCs in Tamil Nadu continue to experience significant discrimination and violence, including the denial of resources, social exclusion, and political underrepresentation. The study identifies gaps in the implementation of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, highlighting issues related to enforcement and cultural resistance. Conclusions: Despite the existence of legal provisions, human rights violations against SCs persist due to inadequate implementation of laws and deeply entrenched social prejudices. The role of civil society organisations is crucial in raising awareness and advocating for systemic reforms. The study underscores the need for more effective enforcement of existing laws and the importance of ongoing efforts to challenge discriminatory attitudes and practices.