Abstract

Objectives: This paper aims to provide an analytical literature review of the relationships between human capital, employee engagement, and sustainable competitive advantage within the Saudi tourism sector in the context of Saudi Vision 2030. Methods: The study employs a critical analytical approach to review theoretical and empirical literature related to human capital, employee engagement, and sustainable competitive advantage. Relevant previous studies were examined to identify conceptual linkages, uncover research gaps, and highlight key challenges facing the tourism sector in Saudi Arabia. Results: The review indicates that developing human capital-across its cognitive, skill-based, and value-driven dimensions-serves as a strategic foundation for achieving sustainable competitive advantage. Findings further show that employee engagement plays a pivotal mediating role by translating human capabilities into superior and sustainable organizational performance, thereby strengthening the capacity of tourism enterprises to compete effectively through improved quality and innovation. Conclusions: The study concludes that an integrated approach linking human capital development and employee engagement is essential for achieving sustainable competitive advantage in the Saudi tourism sector. The paper offers a conceptual framework that can guide future empirical research and provides insights that support policymakers and tourism organizations in realizing the objectives of Vision 2030 and ensuring the long-term advancement of the sector.