Abstract

Objectives: This research aims to examine the concept of Prophetic ijtihad, its legitimacy, and its scope between divine revelation and personal reasoning, extract the legal and jurisprudential implications of the Prophet's treatment of captives and its alignment with Sharia objectives, and highlight the flexibility of Islamic legislation and its potential application in contemporary legal frameworks. Methods: The researcher employed the inductive and analytical methodology: collecting and analyzing Quranic and Hadith texts related to Prophetic Ijtihad, particularly in the case of the captives of Badr. Conclusions: The study concluded that prophetic ijtihad represents a comprehensive model for addressing emerging issues, balancing between divine rulings and public interest, the case of the Badr captives illustrates the Prophet's balance between mercy and firmness, his reliance on consultation, and Sharia's adaptability to circumstances. Finally, the Prophet's ijtihad was not independent of divine revelation but rather complemented it, as some decisions were affirmed while others were corrected by revelation, demonstrating the role of ijtihad in Islamic legislation.