Abstract

Objectives: This study aims to examine the legal framework for compensation for damages suffered by university professors (academic faculty) under administrative laws and judicial systems, conducting a comparative analysis between Oman, Egypt, Morocco, and France. It specifically seeks to highlight the legal discrepancies in addressing academic staff damages across the public (governmental) and private (higher education) sectors, with particular emphasis on the Omani legal system. Methods: The study adopted a descriptive-analytical methodology combined with a comparative approach. It critically analyzed legislative provisions and judicial precedents from both administrative and labor courts across the selected jurisdictions (Oman, Egypt, Morocco, and France) to evaluate liability rules and compensation standards. Results: The findings reveal a clear duality in compensation standards between the two sectors. Administrative courts provide comprehensive protection for the moral and academic rights of faculty members, whereas labor courts presiding over private universities remain strictly bound by employment contracts and standard labor legislation, leading to unequal safeguards. Conclusions: The study recommends unifying legal and judicial standards governing compensation for academic and moral damages suffered by university professors. Furthermore, it stresses the necessity of enacting specialized regulations that transcend traditional labor contracts to effectively safeguard academic freedom across all higher education institutions.