Abstract

Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to examine the recorded cases of Crimean&ndash;Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) reported at the Antani Infectious Diseases Hospital and to analyze the spatial distribution of the disease across different regions of Afghanistan. In addition, the study aims to provide a clearer epidemiological overview by identifying patterns of occurrence and highlighting the public health significance of CCHF in the country. Methods: A retrospective, descriptive, and analytical study conducted by collecting data from patients who presented to the Antani Hospital and were diagnosed with Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever after confirmation by PCR testing. These patients were examined to the Kabul Infectious Diseases Hospital (Antani) from 27 March 2025 to 2 September 2025. Results: Overall, 468 patients were admitted to the CCHF ward of the Antani Hospital. Of these, 350 were male, and 118 were female, a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). The patients had a mean age of 32 years; however, the age difference between males and females was not statistically significant (p = 0.224). Among all examined patients, 47 deaths were recorded, resulting in a case fatality rate (CFR) of 10%. The difference in mortality between males and females was not statistically significant (p = 0.153). These findings indicate that CCHF is prevalent in almost all parts of Afghanistan. Conclusion: The incidence of CCHF in Afghanistan is increasing. This study indicates that the mortality rate of CCHF in Afghanistan has decreased compared with previous years.